Frown lines are vertical wrinkles located between the eyebrows. They are dynamic wrinkles induced by contraction of the procerus and corrugator muscles.
Botulinum toxin injection:
5 injection points of botulinum toxin are required to smooth the inter-brow skin.
The 5 injection points are represented by the red dots
ANATOMY
CORRUGATOR MUSCLE
This muscle, known as the eyebrow muscle, is 3-4 cm long, and stretches across the orbicularis and frontal muscles, at an obliquity of 30 degrees. It has a deep internal bony insertion at the level of the superciliary arch, 10-12 mm from the fronto-nasal suture on the glabellar eminence, where it shares interdigitations with fibers of the orbicularis occuli and frontalis. It ends superficially with a fibrous extension of dermal insertion at the level of the lateral half or third of the eyebrow.
Its contraction is responsible for vertical glabellar wrinkles or "frown lines".
PROCERUS MUSCLE
It occupies the upper part of the nasal root and glabellar region, and inserts onto the triangular cartilage, the proper nasal bone and the deep surface of the integument of the inter-furcilar region. Its fibers intertwine with those of the frontal and corrugator muscles.
It lowers the head of the eyebrow and antagonizes the medial portion of the forehead muscle. It draws skin from the intersacillary space and creates horizontal naso-glabellar wrinkles.
Botox treatment for frown lines
Before/After
Botox treatment for frown lines
Before/After
Treatment of crow's feet wrinkles with Botox
Paw wrinkles appear on the outside of the eyes. The appearance of these wrinkles is favored by contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle and thinning of the skin. Crow's-feet wrinkles are expression wrinkles, so they can appear very early in life.
Botulinum toxin injection
3 injection points of botulinum toxin are required to smooth the peri-ocular skin.
The 3 injection points are represented by the yellow dots.
ANATOMY
ORBICULARIS MUSCLE
Thin, flattened muscle. It consists of three parts:
-The palpebral part is divided into three fascicles: a marginal fascicle (Riolan's ciliary muscle), a pre-tarsal fascicle, and a pre-septal fascicle.
-The orbital part is integrated into the muscular mask, forming a ring.
-The lacrimal part, or Horner's muscle, in the medial part of the orbit. Some authors identify a bundle of muscle fibers at the superomedial level of the orbicularis oculi, which they call the depressor supracilii.
Its contraction is responsible for the appearance of radial wrinkles centered on the orbit, internal glabellar wrinkles, vertical mid-orbital wrinkles and lateral crow's feet wrinkles.
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